4/14/2024 0 Comments Pistol crossbow bolts diameterOpeskin K, Burke M (1994) Suicide using multiple crossbow arrows. Arch Emerg Med 7:224–227īyard RW, Koszyca B, James R (1999) Crossbow suicide: mechanisms of injury and neuropathologic findings. Salam AA, Eyres KS, Magides AD, Cleary J (1990) Penetrating brain stem injury from crossbow bolt: a case report and review of the literature. Suess O, Kombos T, Suess S, Stendel R, Da Silva C, Brock M (2002) Self-inflicted intracranial injury caused by a crossbow arrow. Joly LM, Oswald AM, Disdet M, Raggueneau JL (2002) Difficult endotracheal intubation as a result of penetrating cranio-facial injury by an arrow. ![]() Kaye K, Kilgore KP, Grorud C (2004) Transoral crossbow injury: an unusual case of central nervous system foreign body. Karger B, Bratzke H, Grass H, Lasczkowski G, Lessig R, Monticelli F, Wiese J, Zweihoff RF (2004) Crossbow homicides. Grellner W, Buhmann D, Giese A, Gehrke G, Koops E, Püschel K (2004) Fatal and non-fatal injuries caused by crossbows. Krukemeyer MG, Grellner W, Gehrke G, Koops E, Püschel K (2006) Survived crossbow injuries. Osborne SF, Papchenko T, de Souza CF, Polkinghorne PJ, Hart R (2009) Orbital crossbow injury. Smyk D (2009) Crossbow injuries: a case report. J Neurosci Rural Pract 1:17–19Ĭhang WK, Hsee LC (2010) Crossbow injury in a developed country. Jain DK, Aggarwal G, Lubana PS, Moses S (2010) Penetrating craniofacial arrow injury. Zatopkova L, Hejna P (2011) Fatal suicidal crossbow injury-the ability to act. Arch Kriminol 229:90–95įieseler S, Kunz SN, Peschel O, Zinka B (2011) Suizid mithilfe einer Armbrust Rechtsmedizin 21:489–492 Hessler C, Hamel W, Kluge S, Mayer U, Grzyska U, Westphal M, Püschel K (2012) Tödliche Armbrustverletzung im Jugendalter. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the nominal draw force pretended in the sales brochure is grossly exaggerated. To conclude, this work provides the pending ballistic data on this special subgroup of crossbows which operate on a remarkable low kinetic energy level. The efficiency was calculated up to 0.94. Average bolt velocity was measured 43 up to 52 m/s. The recurve factor was calculated to be 0.705 and 1.044, respectively. The corresponding total energy expended was 10.7 and 11 J, respectively. The average maximum draw force was 190.3 and 175.6 N for the Barnett and Mini Cross Bow, respectively. External ballistic parameters of the bolts discharged from pistol crossbows were measured using a redundant ballistic speed measurement system (Dual-BMC 21a and Dual-LS 1000, Werner Mehl Kurzzeitmesstechnik). The potential energy was determined graphically by polynomial regression as area under the force–draw curve. ![]() The maximum draw force was investigated using a dynamic tensile testing machine (TIRAtest 2705, TIRA GmbH). Two hand-held pistol crossbows (Barnett Commando and Mini Cross Bow, rated draw force 362.9 N or 80 lbs) were tested. While the ballistic background of conventional crossbows is comprehensively investigated, there are no investigations on the characteristic ballistic parameters (draw force, potential energy, recurve factor, kinetic energy, and efficiency) of pistol crossbows. Similar to conventional crossbows, life threatening injuries due to bolts discharged from pistol crossbows are reported in forensic and traumatological literature. Hand-held pistol crossbows, which are smaller versions of conventional crossbows, have recently increased in popularity.
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